Viqueque is on the south coast of Timor, on the Timor Sea. It borders the districts Baucau to the north, Laute'm to the east, and Manatuto to the west.

Viqueque is a homeland of the Malayo-Polynesian language Tetum. In East Timor it is co-official with Portuguese. In the east part of the district live speakers of the Papuan language Makasae.