Located in the Plains and Midland in the North Vietnam, Vinh Phuc Province is surrounded by Tuyen Quang and Thai Nguyen provinces in the north, Hanoi in the east, Ha Tay Province in the south, and Phu Tho Province in the west.

Topography includes midland, plain, and low hill. There are four large rivers: Hong (Red), Lo, Pho Day, and Ca Lo. On the north, Tam Dao range is natural provincial line between Thai Nguyen and Vinh Phuc. On the south, Hong (Red) River separates Vinh Phuc from Ha Tay.